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Alejandro Jodorowsky
Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jodorwsky vs. Adanowsky )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Entrevista a Alejandro Jodorowsky )〕 film and theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, actor, author, poet, musician, comic book writer and spiritual guru. Best known for his avant-garde films, he has been "venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts" for his work which "is filled with violently surreal images and a hybrid blend of mysticism and religious provocation".
Born to Jewish-Ukrainian parents in Chile, Jodorowsky experienced an unhappy and alienated childhood, and so immersed himself in reading and writing poetry. Dropping out of college, he became involved in theater and in particular mime, working as a clown before founding his own theater troupe, the ''Teatro Mimico'', in 1947. Moving to Paris in the early 1950s, Jodorowsky studied mime under Étienne Decroux before turning to cinema, directing the short film ''Les têtes interverties'' in 1957. From 1960 he divided his time between Paris and Mexico City, in the former becoming a founding member of the anarchistic avant-garde Panic Movement of performance artists. In 1966 he created his first comic strip, ''Anibal 5'', while in 1967 he directed his first feature film, the surrealist ''Fando y Lis'', which caused a huge scandal in Mexico, eventually being banned.
His next film, the acid western ''El Topo'' (1970), became a hit on the midnight movie circuit in the United States, considered as the first-ever midnight cult film, garnering high praise from John Lennon, which led to Jodorowsky being provided with $1 million to finance his next film. The result was ''The Holy Mountain'' (1973), a surrealist exploration of western esotericism. Disagreements with the film's distributor Allen Klein, however, led to both ''The Holy Mountain'' and ''El Topo'' failing to gain widespread distribution, although both became classics on the underground film circuit.〔
After an aborted attempt at filming Frank Herbert's novel ''Dune'', Jodorowsky produced three more films, the family film ''Tusk'' (1980), the surrealist horror ''Santa Sangre'' (1989) and the failed blockbuster ''The Rainbow Thief'' (1990). Meanwhile, he has simultaneously written a series of science fiction comic books, most notably ''The Incal'' (1981–1989), which has been described as having a claim to be "the best comic book" ever written,〔Parkin, Lance (2001). ''The Pocket Essential: Alan Moore''. Pocket Essentials. Page 7.〕 and also ''The Technopriests'' and ''Metabarons''. Accompanying this, he has also written books and regularly lectures on his own spiritual system, which he calls "psychomagic" and "psychoshamanism" and which borrows from his interests in alchemy, the tarot, Zen Buddhism and shamanism. His son, Cristóbal, has followed his teachings on psychoshamanism; this work is captured in the feature documentary ''Quantum Men'', directed by Carlos Serrano Azcona.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sitges Film Festival 'Quantum Men' )〕
==Biography==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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